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- RELIGION, Page 89Oberammergau's Blood Curse
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- A famous Passion play opens to a chorus of Jewish criticism
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- By MICHAEL WALSH/OBERAMMERGAU
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- They are perhaps the most chilling words in the New
- Testament: "His blood be on us and on our children." This verse
- (Matthew 27: 25), in which Jews seemingly take responsibility
- for Christ's death, has for centuries been cited as biblical
- justification for Jewish suffering. With anti-Semitic incidents
- on the rise in Europe, nervous eyes were steadied last week on
- the Bavarian Alpine village of Oberammergau (pop. 5,000), where
- the decennial Passion play, condemned by Jews as anti-Semitic,
- opened once again with the "blood curse" intact but muted.
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- The classic folk drama originated in 1634, after villagers
- vowed to re-enact Christ's Passion regularly if they were
- spared from the Black Death. Ever since, residents periodically
- abandon their main occupations as farmers and wood-carvers, let
- their hair and beards grow long and compete for the prized
- roles. As usual, the premiere attracted padres, pilgrims and
- politicians, among them Bavarian Minister-President Max Streibl
- and U.S. Ambassador Vernon Walters. Mercedes-Benz limousines
- stood outside the 4,684-seat theater, and the hotels and
- restaurants were jammed.
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- This time the town's text commission labored hard to respond
- to complaints, especially those lodged by American Jews. The
- commission reworked the basic text, itself a 19th century
- revision by a local priest, Alois Daisenberger. The new version
- was prepared in consultation with Jewish agencies and two
- Catholic scholars, Leonard Swidler and the Rev. Gerard Sloyan
- of Temple University. The numerous alterations include the
- re-Judaization of Jesus and his disciples, who wear prayer
- shawls and yarmulkes, and the removal of stereotypes of the Jews
- as avaricious and mercenary. "They have made very significant
- improvements," says Swidler, who has been working with the text
- commission for twelve years. "There are very few things
- remaining we would see as problems, and they are minor, except
- for the blood curse."
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- Yet that sticking point remains. The commission voted
- narrowly to retain the controversial line, prompting criticism
- from Rabbi A. James Rudin of the American Jewish Committee, who
- is calling for a completely new play that "should reflect the
- reality of the `cursed' Jewish people living in a reborn and
- independent state of Israel." Co-directors Christian Stuckl and
- Otto Huber, who worked closely with Jewish groups on the text,
- were also unhappy about the line's retention. "The effect of
- this sentence through the centuries was a very bad one,"
- acknowledges Huber. Citing Christian theologians, Huber argues
- that the blood curse is really a reference to the saving power
- of Christ's death, a sign of the new covenant in the same sense
- as "washed in the blood of the Lamb," but admits that this
- fine distinction will be lost on most viewers.
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- Stylized and static, the five-hour Passion play is hardly
- a masterpiece, yet many Christians cherish it as a vivid,
- visible symbol of their faith. Further, it is a cultural
- artifact representative of its time and thus has historical
- validity. Finally, it is inappropriate to revise a work of art
- according to contemporary attitudes. Jews are depicted hardly
- less stereotypically in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice
- or Richard Strauss's opera Salome. It is hard to see how any
- version can ever satisfy all. One possible solution, briefly
- bruited in 1977, is to revert to Ferdinand Rosner's 1750
- version, which makes Satan Christ's principal enemy.
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- However audiences may judge the event, one thing is certain:
- the economy of Oberammergau will thrive happily. This year's
- play, to be performed 95 times through Sept. 30, is expected
- to attract about 460,000 visitors and generate close to $5
- million for the prosperous village. Some things never change.
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